Method and machine for making cement sewer-pipe.



R. L. RIGKMAN. METHOD AND MACHINE EoE MAKING CEMENT SEWER 1,01 3,954.

PIPE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 9, 1910.

Patented Jan. 9, 1912.

2 BHEETS-SHEET 1.

WITNESSES:

RIGKMAN.

METHOD AND MACHINE FOR MAKING CEMENT SEWER PIPE.

Patented Jan. 9, 1912.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

WITNESSES:

APPLIOATH'JN FILED JUNE 9, 1910.

as i g i ROBERT LEE RICKMAN, F VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA.

METHOD AND MACHINE FOR MAKING CEMENT SEWER-PIPE;

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 9,1912.

. Application filed June 9, 1910. Serial No. 566,076.

"lb all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ROBERT L. RIOKMAN,

j a citizen of the United States, residing at ful Improvements inMethods and Machines I Vancouver, in the county of Vancouver andProvince of Brltlshcolumbla, Domlnion of Canada, have invented certainnew and usefor Making Cement Sewer-Pipe, of which the following is afull, clear, and exact ole? scription, such as will enable othersskilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same. i

Thisinvention relates to methods and machines for the manufacture ofsewer pipe of cement and similar non-elasticmaterial, and with respectto the more specific features, to methods and machines for making cementsewer method and the machine are adapted to make sewer pipe without bellends, if desired.

Another object of the invention is to produce a machine in which thepipe mold may be readily removed and replaced by an other of differentsize, and at thesame time perfect alinement be assured.

Another object of the invention is the production of a pipe of even.texture and density, and the interior surface of which shall beimpervious to water.

Another object of the invention is to produce a pipe having an enameledinterior surface or finish.

Other objects will be in part obvious and in part pointed outhereinafter. My improved method 'of making pipe from cement and similarplastic or nonelastic material comprises the production of the channelfrom a mass of the material by continuously condensing successiveportions of the plastic material, and while this op eration is going on,dressing or troweling the surface so formed. In its simple form theplastic material is supported in a mold or shell conforming to the shapeof the exterior surface of the pipe to be made, and by suitable devicesthe central portion of the material-is driven toward the wall of themold, thus condensing the material and producing the channel of thepipe, and at the same time forming the pipe wall, which latter will beof uniform density and texture,.impervious to water and have an enamelfinish. Furthermore, when the pipe is formed as above described, Icompress it while in its plastic state, thereby further compacting thematerial and adding greatly to its efliciency and utility. I

The invention accordingly consists in the method above described,including the collective and several steps, and'in the features ofconstruction, combinations of elements and arrangement of parts whichwill be eX- emplified in the construction hereinafter set forth, and thescope of the application of which will be indicated in the followingclaims.

In the accompanying drawings wherein similar reference characters referto similar parts throughout the several views,Fig-. ure 1 represents afront elevation of the cement sewer pipe machine, partly in section forthe sake of clearness; Fig. 2 represents a side elevation of themachine; Fig. 3 is a detailsectionalview of the shell or mold; Fig. i isa sectional View of the lower end of a modified formof mold, showing aflange; and Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view, showing the ram andfill-ram in elevated starting position with respect to the mold, partsbeing omitted for the sake of clearness.-

The numeral 1 indicates an upright main frame, constructed preferably ofchannel steel, including the usual upstanding flange 2. It is obviousthat this frame may be made of cast metal, or of wood or other suitable-niaterial, if desired. From the opposite sides of the lower portion ofthe main frame project brackets 3 supporting a table or pallets: havingan opening 5. This table is preferably made of wood, is provided withflanges 6, and is adapted to support the mold in which the pipe is made.The mold may be of any suitable or approved construction, but in thepresent instance I prcfer to provide a mold or shellconsisting ofthreesections; a back section 7, and two front sections, 8 and 9, thelatter two pivoted to the back section, the whole forming a structureadapted to be opened for the removal of the pipe. Preferably the section7 is provided with upper and lower projecting arms 10, and similar arms11 on the mold sections 8 and 9 are pivoted to the arms 10. The mold isheld closed by the handled hasp 12, pivoted to one of the front sectionsand removably engaging suitable lugs on the other front section. Thefree end of the hasp comprises an eccentrically pivoted bar, circular incross section, and the handle is attached to the bar, permitting thesections of the mold to be locked in closed position. The mold ispreferably of a cylindrical conformation having an enlarged, bell-shapedend portion to provide for the joining of several similar pipestogether. The sections 8 and 9 each comprise 150 degrees, more or less,of a circular arc, while the back section 7 comprises 60 degrees, moreor less. While I prefer the dimensions of the sections just mentioned,it is obvious that the several sections may include a greater or lessnumber of degrees, as may be desired.

The mold is designed to slide on the tongue 14, and in operativeposition to rest upon the pallet 4, with its wall spaced from theopening 5 in the pallet. The pallet between the wall of the mold and thesurface of the ram or core constitutes a flanged end of the mold, andthe width of this flange de fines the opening in the mold in which thepipe is formed, and the flange supports the material of which the pipeis made. It is obvious, however, that many other constructions willserve the samepurpose; among others, the mold itself may be providedwith an inwardly extending portion or flange, as shown in Fig. 4.

The back section 7, at its rear portion, is channeled longitudinally ofthe mold, as at 13, for the purpose of engaging an alining tongue 14secured to the main frame 1. This tongue may be of any suitable shape incross section to correspond with the groove in the back mold section,but I preferably make the tongue of T-shape in cross section, and theback section of the mold is made with a groove of a similar shape toengage the tongue. The tongue 14 extends from the lower portion of themain frame 1 to a point a sufficient distance above the table 4 toaccommodate the molds of different heights which may be employed in theoperation of the machine. It will also be perceived that thisconstruction permits the mold to be readily removed from the machine bysliding it off the end of the tongue.

Bolted to and projecting from the main frame 1 at suitable points arebearings or journal brackets 15 guiding an operating shaft 16. Thisshaft is provlded with screw threads 17 which engage with a stationarynut 18, also secured to and projecting from the main frame 1. Connectedto the screw shaft 16 so as to rotate the same, but permitting the shaftto move longitudinally with respect thereto, is a belt pulley 19. Thispulley is centered on the shaft between the bearings 15, and is therebypermitted to rotate, but is restrained from longitudinal movement. Theconnection between the pul ley 19 and the shaft 16 may be of any of theusual forms to effect both translation and rotation of the shaft 16, butin the present instance I prefer to provide the shaft 16 with a slot 20loosely engaged by a key 21 on the pulley.

With the construction thus far described, it will be clear that when thepulley 19 is rotated the key and slot connection with the shaft 16,forces the latter to rotate but permits the shaft 16 to movelongitudinally, the latter movement being produced by the engagement ofthe screw threads 17 with those of the stationary nut 18. Thelongitudinal movement of the operating shaft 16 may be either upwardlyor downwardly, depending upon the direction of'rotation of the pulley21.

Sliding on the tongue 14 is a base or platform 22 attached to anupwardly extending arm 22', and the relationship between the tongue andthis arm is preferably the same as that between the mold section 7 andthe tongue; namely, the arm is provided with a T-shaped groove to engagethe tongue. The platform is thus adapted to slide up and down upon thetongue, and for the purpose of maintaining the same in an elevatedposition and at the same time permitting it to readily descend, cords 23are attached to the arm 22 at one end and pass over pulleys 24 on themain frame, weights being attached to the other end of the cords.

Secured to one end of the shaft 16, preferably by screw threads, is aram 25. This ram may be made of any suit-able material, but in thepresent instance is made of metal and is hollow to reduce its weight.The body portion of the ram is cylindrical, its upper end terminating ina thick and solid head for the attachment of the operating shaft, andthe head is provided with shoulders 26, the configuration of the ram atthis point corresponding to and adapted to form the enlarged bell end ofthe pipe. The other end of the ram has a tapered deflecting surface 27,and terminates in a flat end or head, the mm at this point presenting astructure similar to a. truncated cone.

The ram is designed to pass through the mold and is of such. a length asto extend from the upper end of the mold to its lower end, and beyond.The diameter of the cylindrical portion of the-ram is less than that ofthe mold by the thickness of the pipe desired, and corresponds also withthe size of the opening 5 in the pallet 4. It will be observed that whenthe ram is in its lowest position in the mold, as shown in Fig. 1, the

der 30 larger than the upper cylindrical portion, these two portionsbeing connected by an inclined or conical surface 31, as clearly shownin the drawings. The size of the fillram at the cylindrical portion 30is made to fit accurately the opening 5 in the'pallet 4, in order toretain the loose material in the mold when the fill-ram is in itsinitial operative position.

In operation, it is designed that the fillram shall abut the head end ofthe ram, and a in order to center the two and aline their movement, thefill-ram is provided with a projection 32 which engages an opening 33 inthe head of the ram. The fill-ram may be secured to the support 22 inany suitable manner; it may be fixed thereto by bolts, as shown, or itmay be pivoted to rotate upon the support, as may be deemed preferable.

By reason of the fixed connection between the ram 25 and the shaft 16,operation of the latter through the pulley 19 will not only move the ramlongitudinally into and out of the mold, as the case may be, a movementof translation, but it will also rotate the ram. If the fill-ram isbolted to its support, the ram will rotate with respect thereto. Shouldthe fill-ram be pivoted to its support, it may rotate with the ram.

In operation, the ram and the fill-ram abut each other at the head endof the ram, as described, and the two together form a shaft or movablecore for the mold, the enlarged surface 30 of the fill-ram constitutinga retaining portion at the lower end of the core and the ramconstituting a molding portion above the retainingportion. The diameterof the portion 30 is the same as that of the cylindrical portion of theram, as each is intended to fit the opening 5. The diameter of thecylindrical portion 29 of the fill-ram is less than the cylindricalportion of the ram, and provides a space in the mold ahead of thedeflecting portion 27 of the ram, and the material in this space ispressed laterally and condensed against the wall of the mold and held bythe following cylindrical portion of the ram.

The operation of the machine is as follows: The ram 25 being in anelevated position, the mold is applied to and slid upon the tongue 14,and closed and locked by the handled hasp. The wooden pallet 4 is thenplaced on the brackets 3 so that the openings in the mold and the palletregister one with the other. The fill-ram 28 is then raised up throughthe mold or shell until 'the pin 32 is inserted in the ram 25. Thefull-ram is held yieldingly against the ram by the weights attached tothe cords 23. The mold is now filled and the ramset in motion by asuitable belt or other device applied to the'pulley 19. As the ramdescends, it forces the fill-ram out, following in the opening left. Asthe ram 25 is larger than the fillram, the tapered end of the ramdeflects and presses the material outward against the wall of the moldin such a manner as to compress it very densely. It is designed that theram 25 shall revolve about three times to each inch of penetration, andit therefore distributes the material equally about the wall of themold, thus insuring a pipe of even texture and density. At the same timethis revolving of the ram gives the inner wall of the pipe a trowelingeffect, brings an extra amount of plastic cement to the surface, whichis practically impervious to water, and makes an enameled finish on theinterior surface of the pipe. As the ram approaches its lowest position,the shoulder 26 enters the mold. As this shoulder closely fits the mold,its continued descent not only gives the bell shape to the pipe,but thematerial thereof is strongly compressed between the said shoulder andthe face of the pallet 4-, resulting in a pipe wall of great compactnessand strength. When the ram has descended such distance as may berequired, preferably along an extent required to mold the length ofmaterial in the mold, it is returned to proper position above the mold,the fill-ram being retained in lower position in any suitable way. Themold is now opened and the pipe removed.

In order that the plastic material of which the pipe is formed shall notbe forced out between the smaller cylindrical surface 29 of the fill-ramand the edge of the opening 5 when the fill-ram has descended to such anextent that the surface 30 has emerged from the opening 5 in the pallet,it is customary, before starting the ram, to tamp the material betweenthe wall of the mold and the lower portion of the fill-ram. Thispreliminary tamping is also desirable be cause the enlargement of thefill-ram reduces the amount of material at this point, resultingotherwise in a variation in the density of the pipe.

From the above, it will be perceived that I have devised a method and amachine capable of quickly and efiiciently producing a strong andcompact pipe from plastic material, which, notwithstanding thesimplicity of its method of manufacture, will be provided with an enamelsurface impervious to water.

As many changes could be made in the above construction and manyapparently widely different embodiments of this invention could be madewithout departing from .the scope thereof, it is intended that allmat- 1. In apparatus of the character described,

incombination, a mold, a sectional core, means to move the mold and corerelatively to each other, and means to cause relative rotative movementbetween the sections.

2. In apparatus of the character described,

in combination, 'a mold, a mold ing core therein, means to move the corelongitudinally of the mold, the core being of a length to extendthroughout the mold at any point l in its molding movement, and means torotate the core.

3. In apparatus of the characterdescribed, in combination, a mold, amolding core therein, means to move the core longitudinally of the mold,the core being of a length to extend throughout the mold at any point inits movement, and means to give the core simultaneous movement oftranslation and rotation.

4. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a hollowmold having a flange adapted to retain material to be molded, saidflange defining an opening in the mold, a movable sectional core in themold adapted to extend throughout the mold during its movement, means tomove the core longitudinally of the mold, and means to rotate a sectionof the core wit-h respect to another.

5. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a hollowmold having a flange adapted to retain material to be molded, saidflange defining an opening in the mold, a movable sectional core in themold adapted to extend throughout the mold during the molding movement,means to give the core a movement of translation, and means to rotateone section relatively to another. i

6. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a hollowmold having a flange adapted to retain material to be molded, saidflange defining an opening in the mold, a sectional core in the moldconcentric thereto and adapted to extend throughout the mold during itsmovement, means to move the core longitudinally of the mold,

and means to rotate apart of the core with respect to another, g; v

7. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a hollowmold having. a flange adapted to retain material to be molded anddefining an opening in the mold, a movable sectional core in the moldadapted to extend throughout the mold during its movement and concentricthereto, comprising a retaining and a molding portion, and means tocause relative movement between the core and the mold and between thesections. v

8. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a mold,aflange therefor adapted to retain material to be moldedand defining anopening in the mold, a movable sectional core in the mold comprising aretaining portion adapted in one position to close the opening and amolding portion adapted to deflect the material to be molded toward thewall of the mold and to enter the opening, and means to move the corelongitudinally of the mold.

9. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a mold, aflange therefor adapted to retain material to be molded and defining anopening in the mold, a movable sectional core in the mold comprising aretaining portion adapted in one position to close the opening and amolding portion adapted to deflect the material to be molded toward thewall of the mold and to enter the opening, means to move the moldingportion of the core longitudinally of the mold, and means to rotate thecore.

10. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a mold, aflange therefor adapted to retain material to be molded and defining anopening in the mold, a sectional core in the mold comprising a retainingportion adapted in one position to close the opening and a moldingportion adapted to deflect the material to be molded toward the wall ofthe mold and to enter the opening, and means to give the molding portionof the core a simultaneous movement of translation and rotation.

11. In apparatus of the character described, in,combination, a corecomprising a ram having a centering opening, a fillram adapted to abutthe ram having a fixed centering pin adapted to. enter the opening, andmeans to 'removably join the ram to the fill-ram.

12. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a ram, afill-ram, and means to rotate the ram with respect to the fill-ram.

18. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a ram, afill-ram, rotatably joined thereto, means to move each longitudinally,and means to rotate the ram.

14. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a ram, afill-ram loosely abutting the ram, a pin centering the ram with respectto the fill-ram, means to move each longitudinally, and means to rotatethe ram. 15. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, aram, a fill-ram abutting the ram, a pin centering the ram with respectto the fill-ram, and means to simultaneously move the ram and fill-ramlongitudinally and the i am rotatably.

16. In apparatus of the character ,described, in combination, a mold, afill-ram adapted to enter the mold, and means to yieldingly support thefill-ram.

17 In apparatus; of the 7 characterv described, in combination, a mold,a fill-ram adapted to enter the mold, a sliding support for thefill-ram, and means comprising weights and cords to yieldinglysupportthe fill-ran1. f e

18, In apparatus of the character de-. scribed, in combination, a tablehaving an opening, and a shaft or fill-ram yieldingly.

supported in position to enter vthe opening.

19. In apparatus of the character ,de: scribed, in, combination, a mold,a fill-ram adapted to enter the mold at one end, and a ram adaptedtoventer the mold at the other ';means for yieldingly supporting thefill-ram in the path of the ram, and means to move the ram.

21. In apparatus of the character de scribed, in combination, a mold, avfill ram adaptedto enter the mold, and yielding means adapted to causethe fill ram to be automatically moved to enter the mold.

22. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, .a mainframe, bearings fixed thereto, a stationary nu-t thereon, a threadedoperating shaft in the bearings and engaging the nut, saidshaft. having.a longitudinal slot, a driving pulley on the shaft between the bearings,a key on the pulley loosely engaging the slot in the shaft, and a ramsecured to the shaft.

23. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a frame, ashaft supported thereby, means to move the shaft longitudinally, meansto rotate the shaft, a ram secured to the shaft, a fill-ram, and meansto yieldingly support the fill-ram.

24. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a mainframe, a threaded operating shaft journaled on the frame, a stationarynut engaged by the threaded shaft, means to rotate the shaft, a ramsecured to the shaft, a fill-ram, a movable platform to which thefill-ram is seapparatus of. the character de:

cured, and means to yieldingly support the platform.

25. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a mainframe, bearings fixed thereto, a stationary nut thereon, a threadedoperating shaft in the bearings and engaging the nut, said shaft havinga longitudinal slot, a driving pulley on the shaft between the bearings,a key on the pulley loosely engaging the slot in the shaft, aram securedto the shaft, a fill-ram, a platform to which the fill-ram is secured,said platformhavinga groove, a tongue on the frame engaging the groovein the, platform, apulley journaled on the frame, and, a weighted cordattached to the platform and passing over the pulley to yieldingly suppot heplatfo m. a i

26, In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a mold, afill-ram.

adapted to movelinto and outof the mold and having a shaftportionadapted to be spaced. from theewalls of thelmold and a shoulderedportion to fill an opening in the mold, and ,yielding supporting means,for the fill:r.am.,

27. In apparatus 6f the character de-.

scribed, in combination, a main frame a,

table or pallet thereon to support a mold, a ram, and a tongue, on theframe to aline the mold and ram.

29. In apparatus of the j character de;

scribed, in combination, a main frame, a table, or pallet thereon.having an opening, a ram, and a tongue on the frame to, aline the moldand ram. I i .t

30. In apparatus. of the character described, in, combination, a mainframe, a.

table, or pallet stationarily positioned thereon to support a mold in apredetermined position, and a tongue on the frame extending above andbelow the table.

31. In apparatus of the character. de-

, scribed, in combination, a main frame, a

table or pallet stationarily positioned thereon to support a mold, atongue on the. frame extending above and below thetable, anda fill-ramfreely engaging the .tongue and guided in its movement thereby. i

82. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a shelldefining a mold'opening, a. ram. positioned to move into the moldopening, a fill-ram supported in the mold opening, a yielding supportfor the fill-ram, and means to. rotate and move the ram through the moldopening. 7.

33. In apparatus of the character. de-

scribed, in combination, a shell defining a mold opening, a rampositioned to move into the mold opening, a fill-ram supported in themold opening and against the ram, a yielding support for the fill-ram,and means to rotate and move the ram through the mold opening.

34. In apparatus of the character described, in' combination, a support,a table adapted to support a mold, a ram on the support movable towardand from the table,

36. In apparatus of the character de scribed, in combination, a mold, anautomatlcally movable molding core therefor adapted to extend throughoutthe mold during the molding movement, and means permitting theseparation of the core into sections, said sections adapted to leave themold at the opposite ends thereof.

'37. In apparatus of the character clescribed, in combination, anupright frame, a table projecting therefrom, a mold adapted to rest onthe table and movable up and down on the frame, a shaft, a core portionsecured to the shaft to enter and leave the mold at one end, and asecond core portion carried by the frame and adapted to enter andleavethe mold at the other end.

38. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, an uprightframe, a

table projecting therefrom, a mold adapted to rest on the table,engaging means between the mold and the frame permitting the mold tomove up and down relatively to the frame, a shaft, a ram secured to theshaft to enter and leave the mold at one end, and a filLram yieldinglycarried by the frame and adapted to enter and leave the mold at theother end. 7

39. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, an uprightframe, a mold engaging the frame, the engaging means permitting the moldto move up and down, means to locate the mold at a predeterminedposition, a shaft, a ram secured. to said shaft and adapted to enter andleave the mold, means to give the shaft simultaneous movements ofrotation and translation, a table engaging the frame and adapted to-move up and down beneath the mold, a fillram carried by the table inalinement with the mold, and yielding means to hold the table inelevated position.

40. In an apparatus of the character described, in combination, a mold,a fill-ram adapted to.move into and out of one end of the mold, a ram,means to move the ram into another end of the mold and means to preservethe alinement of the ram and fillram.

41. In an apparatus of the character described, in combination, a mold,a fill-ram adapted to move into and out of one end' of the mold, a ram,means to move the ram into and out of another end of the mold and meansto preserve the alinement of the ram the mold, a ram, and means to givethe ram a simultaneous movement of translation and rotation into and outof the other end of the mold.

44. In an apparatus of the character described, in combination, a ram, afill-ram,

and means adapting the ram and the fillram to move toward and from eachother while preserving their alinement with each other.

45. In an apparatus of the character described, in combination, a moldcomprising means at one end to define the end of a pipe, a core therein,and means to move the core toward the defining means to define thesurface of the pipe.

46. In an apparatus of thecharacter described,'in combination, a hollowmold hav mg means to retain material to be molded,

a core in the mold comprising a plurality of sections longitudinally ofthe mold, and means to cause relative longitudinal movement of thesections. 47 In. an apparatus of the character described, incombination, a hollow mold having means to retain material to be molded,a core in the mold comprising a plurality of sections longitudinally ofthe mold, each adapted to define the interior surface of a pipe, meansto move the core longitudinally of the mold, and means to rotate asection of the core with respect to another.

48. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, an uprightsupporting frame, a stationarily positioned moldsupportmgdevice procct1ng therefrom, a

carry a core portion on one side of said moldsupportlng devlce, aplatform adapted to support a second core portion on the oppositelongitudinally movable shaft adapted to side of said mold-supportingdevice, and

means adapted'to abut the core portions and form a core co-extensivewith the mold.

, 49. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, anupright supporting frame, a stationarily positioned moldsupporting tablehaving an opening projecting therefrom, a longitudinally movable androtatably mounted shaft adapted to carry a core portion on one side ofsaid mold-supporting device, a platform adapted to support a second coreportion on the opposite side of said mold-supporting device, and meansadapted to abut the core portions and form a core co-extensive with themold.

50. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, an uprightsupporting frame, an upright alining tongue connected thereto, astationarily positioned mold-supporting device projectingtherefrom,alongitudinally movable shaft adapt ed to carry a core portionon one side of said mold-supporting device, a platform adapted tosupport a second core portion on the opposite side of saidmold-supportlng device and slidable on said tongue, and means adapted toabut the core portions and form a core co-extensive With the mold;

51. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, an uprightsupport ing frame, a mold adapted to be supported in stationary positionon said frame, a longitudinally movable shaft adapted to carry a coreportion adjacent one end of said mold, a platform adapted to support asecond core portion adjacent the opposite end of said mold, and meansadapted to abut the core portions and form a core adapted to extendthroughout the mold.

52. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, an uprightsupport-- ing frame, a mold adapted to be supported in stationaryposition on said frame, a longitudinally movable shaft adapted to carrya core portion having a tapering molding end portion adjacent one end ofsaid mold, a platform adapted to support a second core portion adjacentthe opposite end of said mold, and means adapted to abut the coreportions and form a core adapted to extend throughout the mold.

53. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, an uprightsupporting frame, an upright alining tongue connected thereto, a moldadapted to be supported in stationary position on said frame andengaging said tongue, a longitudinally movable shaft adapted to carry acore portion adjacent one end of said mold, a platform adapted tosupport a second core portion adjacent the opposite end of said mold,and means adapted to abut the core portions and form a core adapted toextend throughout the mold.

54:. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, an uprightsupporting frame, an upright alining tongue connected thereto, a moldadapted to be supportedin stationary position on said frame and engagingsaid tongue, a longitudinally movable shaft adapted to carry a coreportion adjacent one end of said mold, a platform adapted to support asecond core portion adjacent the opposite end of said mold .to saidframe and extending above and below the table, a longitudinally movableshaft carrying a core portion on one side of said mold, a platformcarrying a second core portion on the opposite side of saidmold, meanson the mold and one of the core portions adapted to engage said tongue,and means adapted to abut the core portions and form a core co-extensivewith the mold.

56. The method of molding pipe from a mass of plastic material,comprising driving the material from the central portion to Ward theside of the mold to condense the material and produce a pipe Wall,trovveling said Wall, and then compressing the material to furthercondense the same.

57. In an apparatus of the character dc scribed, in combination, a mold,a fill-ram adapted to enter the mold at one end, and a ram adapted toenter the mold at the other end and having a shoulder adapted to moldthe end of the pipe.

58. In an apparatus of the character described, in combination, a shellhaving a mold opening therethrough, a ram adapted to pass through theopening, a fill-ram, means for yieldingly supporting the fillram in thepath of the ram, and means to plpsiiitively move the ram into and out ofthe s e 59. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, anupright supportmg frame, a stationarily positioned moldsupporting deviceprojecting therefrom, a longitudinally movable shaft adapted to carry acore portion on one side of said mold-supporting device, a platformadapted to support a second core portion on the opposite side of saidmold-supporting device, means adapted to abut the core portions and forma core co-extensive With the mold, and means to positively move theshaft toward and from the mold-supporting device.

60. In apparatus of the character de scribed, in combination, an uprightsupporting frame, a stationarily positioned moldsupporting table havingan opening proj ecting therefrom, a longitudinally movable and rotatablymounted shaft adapted to carry a core portion on one side of saidmold-supporting device, a platform adapted to support a second coreportion on the opposite side of said mold-supporting device, meansadapted to abut the core portions and form a core co-extensive with themold, and means to positively move the shaft toward and from themold-supporting device.

61. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, an uprightsupporting frame, an upright alining tongue connected thereto, astationarily positioned mold-supporting device projecting therefrom, alongitudinally movable shaft adapted to carry a core portion on one sideof said mold-supporting device, a platform adapted to support a secondcore. portion on the opposite side of said mold-supporting device andslidable on said tongue, means adapted to abut the core portions andform a core co-extensive With the mold, and means to positively move theshaft toward and from the mold-supporting device.

62. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, an uprightsupporting frame, a mold adapted to be supported in stationary positionon said frame, a longitudinally movable shaft adapted to carry a coreportion adjacent one end of said 7 mold, a platform adapted to support asec-' ond core portion adjacent the opposite end ROBERT LEE RICKMAN.

Witnesses J OHN D. SIBBALD, ELIZABETH BURGET.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, I). G.

